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Case of artworks forgery

If the art appraiser and auctioneer did not recognize that the work was a forgery in advance and distributed the forgery, the situation that could occur based on the existing cases is briefly summarized as follows.

1> At first, the seller entrusted the art work to the auction company by attaching the certificate of authenticity issued by the appraisal institution for a fee, and the auctioneer was commissioned to sell the work through an auction or sold the work to another seller.
2> The person who bought the work through the seller sold the work to the second buyer after some time (months or years), and the second buyer soon found out that the work was a forgery, and the seller was asked for a refund.

If the refund is not processed according to the request, and the parties conflict with each other as follows, the polar opposites of both sides make it difficult to prove what each side is claiming, which can lead to lengthy litigation with additional costs for resolving the matter.

1> Buyer•Seller claims: The work was a forgery from the beginning, but the consumer suffered damage as the appraiser incorrectly evaluated it as genuine.
2> Assertions of appraisal agencies and auctioneers: The work the buyer claims to be a forgery is not the work at the time the appraisers evaluated it as genuine.

Here, the position of the seller may be a consumer or an appraisal agency depending on the situation. In either case, the continuity of business will be ensured by addressing consumer harm. In order to solve the problem correctly, it would be necessary to be able to prove that the work that the buyer claims to be a forgery matches the work that the seller of the work requested to assess the authenticity of the work by an appraisal agency.

The background of the art fraud case and the claim of the gallery owner

If the art appraiser and auctioneer did not recognize that the work was a forgery in advance and distributed the forgery, the situation that could occur based on the existing cases is briefly summarized as follows.

Hong Gallery> Hong Gallery provides a artwork and the certificate of authenticity (published by an appraisal agency) and a warranty for works written by Hong Gallery.
First Buyer> The first buyer sells the artwork (including the certificate of authenticity and Hong Gallery warranty) to Cheong Gallery several years later.
Cheong Gallery> Sells the work (including the certificate of authenticity and Cheong Gallery warranty) to the second buyer through the exhibition Second Buyer> After some time, the second buyer found out that the work was a forgery and filed a complaint with the police.
Police> The police is investigating the following four cases as artwork fraud.

- Investigate the case where Hong Gallery made and sold a counterfeit after receiving a certificate of authenticity from an authorized appraisal agency. (It was confirmed that the work involved in the fraud was purchased by the Hong Gallery directly from the artist, but the case of counterfeiting and selling the work at Hong Gallery is also considered.)
- Investigate the case where the first buyer forged the work after receiving the original from Hong Gallery.
- Investigate the case of counterfeiting at Cheong Gallery after receiving the original from the first buyer.
- Investigate the case where the second purchaser forged the work after receiving the original from Cheong Gallery.

In either case, it is difficult to draw conclusions because there is no way to prove the facts. In order to solve the problem easily, the buyer would need to be able to prove that the work claimed to be a counterfeit match the work that Hong Gallery initially sold to the first buyer.